Thursday, September 18, 2025

Binomial Expansion Explained

Binomial Expansion Explained

Learn how to expand expressions of the form (a + b)n using the binomial theorem

What is Binomial Expansion?

The binomial expansion is a way to raise a binomial (an expression with two terms, like a + b) to any power n without having to multiply it out the long way.

$$(a + b)^n = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^k$$

Where \(\binom{n}{k}\) is the binomial coefficient, read as "n choose k", and represents the number of ways to choose k elements from a set of n elements.

Simple Example

For example, expanding \((a + b)^3\):

$$(a + b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3$$

Binomial Coefficients and Pascal's Triangle

Binomial coefficients can be found using Pascal's Triangle, where each number is the sum of the two numbers directly above it.

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
4
6
4
1
1
5
10
10
5
1

The nth row of Pascal's Triangle gives the coefficients for expanding \((a + b)^n\).

Try It Yourself

Enter values for a, b, and n to see the binomial expansion:

The expansion will appear here

Key Properties of Binomial Expansion

Number of Terms

The expansion of \((a + b)^n\) has exactly \(n + 1\) terms.

Symmetry

The coefficients are symmetric: \(\binom{n}{k} = \binom{n}{n-k}\)

Sum of Coefficients

The sum of all coefficients is \(2^n\)

Decreasing and Increasing Powers

Powers of a decrease from n to 0, while powers of b increase from 0 to n

Example with Numbers

Let's expand \((2x + 3)^3\):

$$(2x + 3)^3 = (2x)^3 + 3(2x)^2(3) + 3(2x)(3)^2 + (3)^3$$

$$= 8x^3 + 3(4x^2)(3) + 3(2x)(9) + 27$$

$$= 8x^3 + 36x^2 + 54x + 27$$

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